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Oregon
[T]his state of scenic
grandeur and easygoing
individualism is writing the
preface to what may be the future
for all Americans: simple living,
conservation, and limited growth. State nickname: Beaver State
-- A 1977 article in U.S. News
and World Report on Oregon.
Oregon is a state located in the
western United States bordering the
Pacific Ocean, California, Washington, Capital Salem
Idaho, and Nevada. Its northern border Largest City Portland
lies along the Columbia River and the
east along the Snake River. Two Area Ranked 9th
north-south mountain ranges - the - Total 255,026 km2
Coastal Range and the Cascade Mountain - Land 248,849 km2
Range - form the two boundaries of the - Water 6,177 km2
Willamette Valley, one of the most - % water 2.4%
fertile and agriculturally productive Population Ranked 28th
regions in the world. Oregon is known - Total (2000) 3,421,399
for its rain, but only the western - Density 13.4/km2
half of the state is notably rainy;
east of the Cascades the climate is Admittance into
much more arid. Union 33th
- Order
Oregonians are proud of their state's - Date February 14, 1859
wealth of beautiful forests and Pacific: UTC-8/-7
streams, and place great importance on Mountain:
proper use of their environment, yet
struggle to balance this need with the Time zone UTC-7/-6
All but majority
desire to achieve progress. The state of Malheur County
has pioneered many of the nation's in Pacific
environmental firsts, such as one of
the first bottle bills, but has also Latitude 42æN to 46æ15'N
suffered under the rapid pace of Longitude 116æ45'W to
124æ30'W
logging its forests.
Width 420 km
Length 580 km
Elevation
-Highest 3,426 meters
-Mean 1,005 meters
-Lowest 0 meters
ISO 3166-2: US-OR
History
Oregon was originally home to a number of Native American tribes, including
the Bannock, Chinook, Klamath, and Nez Perce. James Cook explored the coast
in 1778 in search of the Northwest Passage. The Lewis and Clark Expedition
travelled through the region during their expedition to explore the
Louisiana Purchase, at the direction of Thomas Jefferson. They built their
winter fort at Fort Clatsop, near the mouth of the Columbia River.
Exploration by Lewis and Clark (1805-1806) and Britain's David Thompson
(1811) publicized the abundance of fur in the area. In 1811, New York
financier John Jacob Astor established Fort Astoria at the mouth of the
Columbia River with the intention of starting a chain of Pacific Fur Company
trading posts along the river. Fort Astoria was the the first permanent
white settlement in Oregon. In the War of 1812 the British gained control of
all of the Pacific Fur Company posts.
By the 1820s and 1830s the British Hudsons Bay Company dominated the Pacific
Northwest. John McLoughlin, who was appointed the Company's Chief Factor of
the Columbia District, built Fort Vancouver in 1825.
The Oregon Trail infused the region with new settlers, starting in 1842-43,
as the United States sought to wrest control of the area from Great Britain.
A popular slogan among the Democrats who wanted the Pacific territory as far
north as latitude 54æ40' was "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight." This controversy
was resolved in 1846 after a period of sabre rattling where it seemed that
the United States and the United Kingdom would go to war a third time in 75
years. Cooler heads prevailed, however, and the United States-Canada
boundary was set at the 49th parallel.
In the 1880s, railroads enabled marketing of the state's lumber and wheat,
and the more rapid growth of its cities.
Industrial expansion began in earnest following the construction of the
Bonneville Dam in 1943 on the Columbia River. The power, food, and lumber
provided by Oregon have helped fuel the development of the west, and the
periodic fluctuations in the nation's building industry has severely
impacted the state's economy on multiple occasions.
The state has a long history of polarizing conflicts: Native Americans vs.
English fur trappers, English vs. settlers from the U.S., ranchers vs.
farmers, wealthy growing cities vs. established but poor rural areas,
loggers vs. environmentalists, white supremacists vs. anti-racists, and
native Oregonians vs. Californians (or outsiders in general). State ballots
frequently illustrate the extremes of the political spectrum - anti-gay,
pro-religious measures on the same ballot as liberal drug decriminalization
measures.
Law and Government
Oregon's governor serves a four-year term. The legislature consists of a
thirty member Senate and sixty member House. Senators serve four year terms,
and Representatives two. At the federal level, Oregon is represented by two
senators and five representatives, which translates into seven electoral votes.
Geography
Crater Lake National Park is the only national park in the state.
Highest point: Mount Hood, 11,239 ft (3,428 m)
Lowest point: sea level.
Economy
The Willamette Valley is very fertile, and coupled with Oregon's famous
rains, gives the state a wealth of agricultural products. Apples and other
fruits, cattle, dairy products, potatoes, and peppermint are all valuable
products. Oregon is also one of four major world hazelnut growing regions.
Her forests have historically made Oregon one of the nation's major
lumbering states, but forest fires (such as the Tillamook Burn,
over-harvesting, and law suits over the proper management of the extensive
federal forest holdings have reduced the amount of timber produced since the
later 1980s. Even the shift in recent years towards finished goods such as
paper and building materials have not slowed the decline of the timber
industry. Examples include the Weyerhaeuser's acquisition of Willamette
Industries in January, 2002, the announcement by Louisiana Pacific in
September, 2003 that they will relocate their corporate headquarters from
Portland to Nashville, and the experiences of small lumber towns like
Gilchrist.
High technology industries and services have been a major employer since the
1970s. Tektronix was the largest private employer in Oregon until the late
1980s. Intel's creation and expansion of several plants in eastern
Washington County continued the growth that Tektronix had started. The
spinoffs and startups that were produced by these two companies led to the
establishment of the Portland metropolitan area as the Silicon Forest. The
recession and dotcom bust of 2001 in the Silicon Valley has led to similar
results in the Silicon Forest; many high technology employers have either
reduced the number of their employees or gone out of business.
Oregon had one of the largest salmon-fishing industries in the world,
although ocean fisheries have reduced the river fisheries in recent years.
Tourism is also strong in the state; Oregon's evergreen mountain forests,
waterfalls, pristine lakes (including Crater Lake National Park), and scenic
beaches draw visitors year round.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, the population of Oregon is 3,421,399. Its population
grew 20.4% (579,062) from its 1990 levels. According to the 2000 census,
86.6% (2,961,623) identified themselves as White,
8% (275,314) as Hispanic or Latino,
1.6% (55,662) as black,
3% (101,350) as Asian,
1.3% (45,211) as American Indian or Alaska Native,
0.2% (7,976) as Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander,
4.2% (144,832) as other, and
3.1% (104,745) identified themselves as belonging to two or more races.
6.5% of its population were reported as under 5, 24.7% under 18, and 12.8%
were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.4% of the population.
The capital is Salem and the largest city is Portland.
Oregon City was the first incorporated city west of the Mississippi River
and later, the first capital of the Oregon Territory, from 1848 to 1852,
when the territory capitol was moved to Salem, Oregon. It was also the end
of the Oregon Trail and the site of the first public library established
west of the Rocky Mountains, stocked with only 300 volumes.
Education
Colleges and Universities
* Concordia University, Portland * Pacific Northwest College of
* Eastern Oregon University Art
* Eugene Bible College * Pacific University
* George Fox University * Portland State University
* Gutenberg College * Reed College
* Lewis & Clark College * Southern Oregon University
* Linfield College * University of Oregon
* Marylhurst University * University of Portland
* Mount Angel Seminary * Warner Pacific College
* Multnomah Bible College and * Western Baptist College
Seminary * Western Oregon University
* Northwest Christian College * Western States Chiropractic
* Oregon Health and Science College
University * Willamette University
* Oregon Institute of Technology
* Oregon State University
Professional Sports Teams
* Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA
* Farm clubs of MLB
o Eugene Emeralds, a single-A club in the Northwest League
o Portland Beavers, a triple-A club in the Pacific Coast League
o Salem-Keizer Volcanoes, a single-A club in the Northwest League
Portland is in competition to be the home of the Montreal Expos or another
major league baseball team.
Miscellaneous Information
FACTS
Population: (2000) 3,421,399, a 20.4% increase over 1990
State Bird: Western meadowlark
State Flower: Oregon grape
State Tree: Douglas fir
State Insect: Oregon Swallowtail Butterfly (Papilio oregonius)
Abbreviation: Oreg. Ore. OR
Oregon is also the name of some places in the United States of America:
* Oregon, Illinois
* Oregon, Ohio
* Oregon, Wisconsin
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